HESI (Health and Environmental Sciences Institute) Health Assessment Practice Test

What is a potential cause of hypoactive bowel sounds?

1. Diarrhea

2. Peritonitis

3. Laxative use

4. Gastroenteritis

The correct answer is: Peritonitis

Hypoactive bowel sounds refer to a reduced frequency of intestinal sounds, which can indicate decreased intestinal activity. Peritonitis, an inflammation of the peritoneum, can cause hypoactive bowel sounds because the inflammatory process can lead to a decrease in gastrointestinal motility. In this condition, the body often responds to inflammation by trying to limit movement in the bowels to reduce pain and prevent further irritation, which can result in hypoactive or even absent bowel sounds. Diarrhea, laxative use, and gastroenteritis typically lead to increased bowel sounds due to heightened peristalsis in response to irritation or the presence of stool in the intestines. This contrast explains why peritonitis stands out as the condition associated with decreased activity and consequently hypoactive bowel sounds.